UWB Long-Distance Communication Module: Precise Positioning and Efficient Ranging

UWB (Ultra-Wideband) positioning is a method of using ultra-wideband technology for precise location determination. It operates through a system of three base stations and one tag. The UWB650 module, equipped with a 0.5W high-power amplifier chip, simplifies design for users by integrating wireless communication components and related circuits. The module also includes ESD protection devices for effective electrostatic protection.

The UWB650 module supports communication and positioning over distances of up to 1 km, with bidirectional ranging capabilities. It calculates precise distances by transmitting and receiving signals. Key features include high accuracy, low power consumption, and robust anti-interference capabilities, ensuring stable performance even in complex environments.

Signal Transmission Principle of UWB Modules

UWB technology transmits signals by sending short pulses that cover a wide frequency band. This ensures high-precision wireless data transmission and positioning. Its unique low-power pulse design minimizes interference, maintaining signal quality in challenging conditions. UWB signals can coexist with other narrowband signals and offer centimeter-level positioning accuracy along with high-speed data transfer, making it ideal for scenarios demanding high precision, low latency, and low power consumption.

Principles of UWB Positioning

UWB positioning involves setting up base stations at known coordinates, while the tag emits pulses at regular intervals to measure distances to the base stations. An algorithm then computes the tag's exact position. By merely receiving base station signals, the tag can calculate its absolute latitude, longitude, and elevation with centimeter-level accuracy.

Types of UWB Positioning:

TOA (Time of Arrival): Measures signal travel time from transmitter to receiver for distance calculation, requiring synchronized clocks for accuracy.

TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival): Determines distances by comparing the time differences of signals arriving at different base stations.

AoA (Angle of Arrival): Calculates the angle of arrival based on phase differences. While less accurate over long distances, it is often combined with other methods to enhance precision.

Key Aspects of UWB Base Stations

Differentiating Between Master and Slave Base Stations

During the initial setup, one base station is designated as the master, while others are slaves. Typically, the first installed base station serves as the master.

Minimum Base Stations Required for Positioning

At least three UWB base stations are necessary for accurate positioning, forming a triangular area for optimal results.

Installation Requirements:

Base stations must be installed at least 30 cm away from walls and above human height, with no obstructions.

The distance between base stations should not exceed 45 meters in open spaces and should be reduced in obstructed environments.

Base stations should face each other’s front panels for signal reception without obstructions.

Advantages of UWB Modules for Ranging

High Precision: Offers centimeter-level accuracy, ideal for applications requiring precise positioning.

Strong Anti-Interference: Low-power short pulses reduce interference, ensuring stable signal transmission in complex environments.

High Data Transfer Rate: Supports both precise ranging and high-speed data transmission.

Low Power Consumption: Extends device lifespan through energy-efficient designs.

Wide Spectrum Compatibility: Operates across a broad frequency spectrum, coexisting with narrowband signals without traditional wireless interference.

Principle of UWB Ranging

UWB ranging modules transmit and receive ultra-short pulse signals to measure the flight time (TWR) or time difference of arrival (TDOA) for signal propagation. The speed of light is used to compute precise distances, offering significant accuracy advantages at short ranges.

A typical UWB ranging system comprises:

Base Stations: Fixed installations for distance calculation and data output.

Tags: Mounted on target objects for measurement.

This approach ensures high accuracy, low power consumption, and robust performance for demanding applications.